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作為父母,小朋友健康是我們最關心的課題。近日幼童感染肺炎鏈球菌的病例急升,部分嚴重個案須切除肺部或換腎保命!現時血清3型最具威脅性,為了保護小朋友,必須了解入侵性肺炎鏈球菌的傳播途徑,以及「精準打擊血清3型新疫苗」如何發揮保護作用,立刻睇睇兒科專科陳欣永醫生的意見!
入侵性肺炎鏈球菌感染是甚麼?
入侵性肺炎鏈球菌感染由肺炎鏈球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)引起,感染後可引起多種疾病,常見的有中耳炎、鼻竇炎,一旦入侵腦膜或血液,可導致腦膜炎、敗血病。陳欣永醫生指出,幼童免疫系統尚未發展成熟,特別容易受襲擊。「小朋友感染後固然辛苦,但長遠的健康都會受影響,最壞情況或會死亡。」根據香港衞生防護中心數據,入侵性肺炎病例正快速增加,家長別掉以輕心!
兒科專科陳欣永醫生提醒家長,入侵性肺炎鏈球菌對小朋友身體可以造成嚴重甚至永久傷害,宜做好預防措施,防患於未然。
病例急升:血清3型成為主要威脅
根據衞生防護中心最新數據(2025年5月),2024年全年香港錄得126宗侵入性肺炎鏈球菌病例,而2025年首四個月已錄得82宗,顯示病例數量激增。2025年,兒童的病例有16宗,其中一半(8宗)由血清3型肺炎鏈球菌引起。令人擔憂的是,血清3型多年來一直是香港的主要流行型號,其嚴重性亦遠超其他類型。
香港醫學雜誌其文章指出,從2022年6月至2024年3月,香港兒童深切治療部錄得6宗嚴重侵入性肺炎鏈球菌病例,其中5宗由血清3型引起。陳醫生說:「血清3型可怕的地方,是對抗生素產生抗藥性,增加治療難度;相對其他血清型,有更強的致病毒性。數據顯示,一般幼童患者平均每20名,便有1人死亡,而血清3型嚴重個案死亡率更可高達47%。」
疫苗價數越多,保護越好?
接種疫苗是保護小朋友的好方法,不過部分家長以為疫苗價數越高,保護力越強,陳醫生指出,選擇疫苗可考慮以下3個要點:
1) 當地盛行的血清型分布
2) 疫苗對目標血清型的免疫反應
3) 疫苗的安全性和有效性
肺炎鏈球菌疫苗小知識:
在香港,衞生防護中心轄下的疫苗可預防疾病科學委員會經檢視科學數據後,確認15價肺炎鏈球菌疫苗(PCV15)相比13價疫苗(PCV13)和20價疫苗,對血清3型肺炎鏈球菌的免疫反應更強,能有效預防由血清3型引致的入侵性肺炎。因此,衞生署於2024年8月已正式將香港兒童免疫接種計劃中的13價疫苗,更換為15價疫苗。
家長如擔心小朋友對血清3型的保護有疑問,應儘快諮詢兒科醫生。
資料來源:BabyKingdom 2025-06-12 https://bit.ly/4jMK93E
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